Money supply Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Money supply - Essay Example Money can be held in three common forms; paper money, metallic coins and money deposits to banks. Measurement of money supply is a critical act and various ways have been developed by economists to measure the level of money supply in the economy. The high-powered money multiplier approach is an approach that considers the level of bank deposits by the private sector while determining money supply (Werner, 2005). According to this approach, the level of cash deposits held by the bank plays the major role in determining money supply. High-powered money multiplier approach to credit creation The high-powered money multiplier is denoted by the letter ‘H’ and is measured in terms of the summation of notes and coins held by the common population (C) and notes and coins held by the banks plus deposits maintained by banks at the central bank (R). The mathematical formula for the stock of high-powered money: H = C + R The level of money supply (M.S.) in an economy is measured by : M.S. = C + D; where C denotes notes and coins held by the common population and D denotes bank deposits made by private individuals or agents (D'Souza, 2009). We can represent money supply in terms of the stock of high-powered money (denoted by ‘H’) and the high-powered money multiplier (denoted by ‘h’). The formula for high-powered money multiplier can be derived from the formula for the stock of high-powered money and the high-powered money multiplier (D'Souza, 2009). M.S. = C + D -----------(1) H = C + R ------------(2) On dividing equation (1) by equation (2) we get equation (3): On dividing the numerator and denominator of the right hand side of equation (3) by D we get: Or, Or, Or, M.S. = h* H (7) Where, Therefore, M.S. = h* H, i.e, the level of money supply in the economy is the product of the high-powered money multiplier (h) and the stock of high-powered money (H) (D'Souza, 2009). A number of assumptions are made prior to the development this mod el measuring money supply. These assumptions have been described below: Firstly, the stock of high-powered money (H) is considered as exogenously determined. It is not dependent on the functioning of the market forces. Secondly, C/D ratio is either a constant or is stable and predictable. If the rates of return on these investments remain constant, then the ratio of C/D would also remain constant. However, in reality, bank deposits offer interest rates whereas cash holding does not. Therefore, households as well as firms would be interested to make more deposits than hold liquid money. Thus, the C/D ratio is not a constant, but, is predictable. Sometimes the C/D ratio becomes unstable and unpredictable due to changes in financial culture of the economy or high end technological innovations and changing trend in spending methods towards use of plastic money (mostly due to technological advancements) leafing to a fall in C/D ratio or lack of confidence on the banking system in the eco nomy leading to an increase in liquid money holding and a subsequent rise in C/D ratio. The final assumption is related to the R/D ratio. It is the ratio of the reserves held by the banks at the Central bank and the liabilities of the bank and is considered as stable and predictable. The banks often try to keep a high reserve with the central bank by acting in a risk-averse manner in order to protect itself in a situation of large sudden withdrawals by depositors. However, depending on the rate of interest, banks decide the amount of money they would hold as interest bearing asset and the amount they would hold as reserves (earning no interest). The stock of high powered money also changes due to the change in government policies or total liabilities of the central bank and daily operations of the central banks. Change in high powered money is denoted by ?H. The value of ?H is given by the following equation: Or, ?H = DEF – ?GD + ET + MMA Where, Budget deficit (DEF), net sale s of

Dynamic Modeling Laboratory

Dynamic Modeling Laboratory Chapter Three 3. Implementation of model Although the improvement of complex design system involves the development of representations for design tools and mappings, design tool environment models, and project flow definitions, these significant improvements in systems cannot be technologically advanced in isolation. After outlining the various frameworks, the developer(s) of any given model must be able to examine what is under creation to prove that the prototype meets its required purpose standards. For results to be achieved, the proposal must commence with test data from the core device that it will be used in. Mappings between different plans must be tried to guarantee that the outcome of plotting from the prototype is comparable to the original. Design device environment prototypes must be tested to guarantee that the design implement begins and end as anticipated and that they experience no problem with the figures obtainable from the end product. To make the modelling possible it involves the presence of testing environments that permit prototypes to be speedily instantiated and confirmed to warrant that interactions and reliance are as anticipated. To test plotting requires a system, which mimics the functionality of a complete plotting system, joined with prototype visualizers to enable the accuracy of the plotting to be determined. Alike testing is needed for scheme prototypes and design tool environment prototypes. To test prototypes in each of these disparities would entail very dissimilar testing environments. However, if a particular model conceptualization tool were generated for testing all joined design systems during development; the final product could be itemised in any prototype with the inventor being sure of the accuracy of the requirement. Having a single set of testing devices also permits faster integration between the testing devices, with several benefits from the different phases of testing. 3.1 Setting and Principle of model For a simulation to take place, there be existence of an environment. This environment is usually achieved through configuration that take place during the simulation process. An example of the configuration will be explained in the FMU export from Simulink that clearly explain the environment under which the FMU export is facilitated. 3.2 Implementation in Dymola Introduction Dymola with refers to the Dynamic Modeling Laboratory is a device used for modeling and simulation of incorporated and complex systems used in industries such as aerospace, automotive , robotics and other applications. With its state of the art engineering, Dymola’s abilities display novel and innovative answers for prototyping and simulation, as it is probable to simulate the vibrant conduct and intricate relations amongst structures of various production fields, such as mechanical, electrical and other control systems. This implies that users of Dymola can construct prototypes that are more joined and have simulations results that depict reality. Other highlights that can be realized of Dymola are those of Handling of large and complex multi-engineering models. Faster modelling by graphical model composition and faster simulation through symbolic pre-processing can also be achieved for purposes of increased productivity. Other befits of Dymola are it support for Open user de fined prototype modules, Open interface to other applications, 3D Simulation and Real-time simulation, but just to mention a few of its benefit. 3.2.1 Environment The Dynamic Modeling Laboratory (Dymola) setting practices the open Modelica demonstrating semantic, which implies it is open to its users. Dymola users are, therefore, free to develop their own model libraries or modify the ready-made model libraries as desired to satisfy their individual user’s unique modeling and simulation needs. With Dymola being flexible, it makes more of an adaptable device. Flexibility, therefore, brands Dymola seamless for prototyping and simulation of novel substitute strategies and skills now and in the future. FMU export from Dymola The objective of this sub-topic is to illustrate the steps that one would take when he/she is intending to export prototypes from physical simulation settings as FMUs. To be able to perform an export from a Dymola an individual would need to perform two very crucial steps. One is that of adjusting the simulation model interface and secondly perform an export the simulation model as an FMU. To achieve the export from Dymola, proceed as explained in the following: First, adjust the interface (ports) of your simulation model in existence from a physical modeling tool. It is important to note that this process of adjusting the interface must be performed in a signal-based way for purposes of properly exporting a model/ models as an FMU. The interface of the desired simulation model will be defined by input and output signals. For purposes of reliability, efficiency and better results, an individual install sensors. The installed sensors are also used to amount certain prototype conditions and actuators in order to put on physical aspects to the prototype. The second step is to Export the simulationn model as an FMU by using the FMI export functionality of your physical simulation tool. For example, the exporting functionalities of Dymola (the options for the FMI export) can be found in the Simulation Setup GUI. In export process, there are usually three settings that need to be performed. The first setting is that of sectioning a Type. The second setting is that of choosing an FMI Version and finally choosing further Options. For Type, one can set either the environment for Model exchange (FMI-ME) or Co -simulation (FMI-CS) as Model exchange exports. This is because export can either be performed using model exchange or co- simulation. In the model-exchange setting, the FMU comprises only the prototype and no slave. Therefore, the slave of the introducing simulator is used. In the co-simulation setting, the FMU comprises both the prototype and a slave. Here the importing simulator performs as the main of the co-simulation. The prototype without slaves and Co-simulation exports a summarized prototypee and slave. For Version, selecting 1.0 will ensure compatibility with V1.7 of the Modelon FMI Toolbox. In the case of Choices, it is not necessary to include the basis cypher or mass outcome in mat file. 3.3 Implementation in Simulink As in the event of Dymola, Simulink can also be used to implement different prototypes in different environs. For example in the application of control procedure, the control procedures is established in a simulation setting (MATLAB/Simulink) and verified on simulation prototypes. After that, MATLAB/Simulink can be coupled with a PLC, and the procedure is verified on a physical prototype. This linking offers real-time communication amongst MATLAB/Simulink and the PLC (BR 2005). Control procedures have to be written in a worldwide programmable language supported by both MATLAB and PLC, because of its broadcast into the PLC. The Control procedures established in the simulations can be used in a different area such as in the control of heating devices at home for purposes of temperature regulation. the control algorithms can also be used in industries among other place. The presence of Simulink has been a major boost in innovations. 3.3.1 Environment Many advantages can be associated with Simulink. The advantages experienced by Simulink users are in its ability to provide the right set of tools for fast, accurate modeling and simulation. Simulink is designed to facilitate extensive features of block library for developing complex models. It is also designed to be convenient tools for monitoring simulation results, and tight integration. This is facilitated by the presence of MATLAB, which aids in accessing the most comprehensive collection of design and analysis tools. 3.3.3 FMI-Toolbox The FMI Toolbox for MATLAB fits in Modelica-based physical prototyping into the MATLAB/Simulink surroundings. FMI Toolbox offers the following core features, FMI toolbox permits the Simulation of assembled vibrant prototypes, FMUs, in Simulink. An FMI-compliant device such as OPTIMICA Studio by Modelon, SimulationX or Dymola, may generate fMUs. The Simulink FMU block offers realization of limits and input values as well as block results. FMI toolbox also enables Export of Simulink prototypes to FMUs. FMUs may also be simulated in FMI accommodating simulation device such as SimulationX or Dymola. FMI toolbox may also be used for the Simulation of assembled vibrant prototypes, FMUs; using MATLABs built-in integrators, for example, ode45 and ode15s. This piece makes FMI Toolbox beneficial for operators without them having to contact to Simulink. The other advantage of an FMI toolbox is that it facilitates the Static and dynamic analysis of FMUs through design-of- experiments (DoE) functions for optimization, calibration, control design, and robustness analysis. The dynamic analysis features require the MATLAB Control System Toolbox. The FMI Toolbox supports FMI import for Model Exchange and FMI for Co-Simulation. FMI Toolbox also supports FMI export and a DoE analysis for Model Exchange 1.0. In an FMI Toolbox, Simulink models can be exported as Model Exchange. †¢FMI Toolbox also supports improved handling of FMU blocks that are supported by Simulink Coder/Real-Time Workshop usually stored in a Simulink library. 3.3.4 FMU export from Simulink A Simulink prototype can be pass on as an FMU and introduced in an FMI-compliant device such as OPTIMICA Studio by SimulationX, Dymola or Modelon. This section describes how a Simulink model can be exported as an FMU. Code from a Simulink model is generated by Simulink Coder/Real-Time Workshop and is then wrapped in an FMU for Model Exchange 1.0 or Co-Simulation 1.0. There are various steps required to export an FMU for Model Exchange from Simulink. The first step is usually to select the build target. This is usually done by opening the Configuration Parameters dialog. Then go to the Real-Time Workshop/Code Generation tab depending on the MATLAB version an individual is using at that particular time. From Browse button, select the System target file. The final step that takes place before exportation can take place is that of selecting fmu_me1.tlc from the browser dialog for exporting the FMU as Model Exchange or fmu_cs1.tlc for Co-Simulation, when either of the two is selected, click OK to export. However, FMU export limitations such as The FMU target uses the code format S-function and target type non real time. This means in general that the same limitations of Simulink Coder ´s native S-function target, rtwsfcn is applied to the FMU target. Complex input and output ports are not supported. There is no corresponding data type in the FMI standard.Another limitation of FMU is that Enumeration data types are not supported for example the Enumerated Constant block is not supported. Discrete variables (variability attribute set to discrete) may change the value at instants other than during initialization or at event instants. Support for precompiled S-functions is only supported for export of Model Exchange FMUs and not co- simulation. Co-simulation The main aim of co-simulation is to come up with a user-friendly interface type for connecting/joining simulation tools in its environs. The data exchanged in this models subsystems is limited to distinct communication targets. The communication interval among two sub-systems is controlled autonomously by respective subsystem solvers. The master algorithm is usually responsible for controlling the exchange of data among subsystems and the harmonization of complete simulation slaves (solvers). In this case, basic master algorithms and complex ones are supported. It is imperative nonetheless to note that the master algorithm is not a part of the FMI standard. Dymola 2013 and later supports export of prototypes (slaves) with built-in numerical slaves according to the FMI for Co-simulation specification. The SUNDIALS suite of numerical slaves (version 2.4.0) is used in the co-simulation FMUs. In Dymola 2013 and later, the translateModelFMU command will produce an FMU that supports both the FMI for Model Exchange requisite and the FMI for Co-Simulation slaves interface where by all responsibilities will be present in the DLL. Model simulation is also supported in Simulink. It is, however, important to note that when Simulink FMU block co-simulation FMUs with modelDescription attribute canRunAsynchronuously is set to true, they are usually not supported. References [Jak2003] Johan Ã…kesson. Operator Interaction and Optimization in Control Systems. ISRN LUTFD2/TFRT3234SE. Lund University. Sweden. 2003.

Leukemia :: essays research papers

Leukemia   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Leukemia strikes all ages and both sexes. In 1995 approximately 20,400 people died from Leukemia. The all time five year survival rate is 38%. This rate has gone to 52% in the mid 1980’s. Approximately 25,700 cases were reported in 1995 alone(American Cancer Society-leukemia, 1995).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Leukemia is a form of cancer in the blood cells. Most forms of Leukemia occur in the white blood cells. These abnormal cells reproduce in large quantities and look and perform differently than normal cells(MedicineNet- leukemia, 1997). Right now the causes of Leukemia are unknown. Some studies have shown that exposure to high-energy radiation increases chances of contracting leukemia. Such radiation was produced in the atomic bombing of Japan during World War II. There is also enough energy in nuclear plants so strict safety precautions are taken. Some research shows that exposure to electric magnetic fields, such as power lines and electric appliances, is a possible risk factor. More studies are needed to prove this link. Some genetic conditions, such as Down’s syndrome, are also believed to increase the risk factor. Exposure to some chemicals is also suspected to be a risk factor. By learning the causes of leukemia treatment options will become available(MedicineNet-leukemia, 1997). There are many symptoms of leukemia. The symptoms of leukemia are the same for all the different types of leukemia. The acute types of leukemia, ALL and AML, symptoms are seen more quickly than in the chronic types of leukemia, CLL and CML, where symptoms do not necessarily appear right away. The symptoms are flu symptom, weakness, fatigue, constant infections, easily bleed and bruise, loss of weight and appetite, swollen lymph nodes, liver or spleen, paleness, bone or joint pain, excess sweating, swollen or bleeding gums, nosebleeds and other hemorrhages, and red spots called petechiae located underneath the skin. In acute Leukemia the cancerous cells may collect around the central nervous system. The results can include headaches, vomiting, confusion, loss of muscle control, or seizures. These clumps of cancer cells can collect in other various parts of the body(MedicineNet-leukemia, 1997 and American Cancer Society- leukemia, 1995).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Leukemia can be diagnosed in a number of ways. Blood work is commonly done in the laboratory. Different forms of blood work include checking the hemoglobin count, platelet count, or white blood cell count. X-rays are routinely done for treatment follow-up. Ultrasound is also used as a treatment follow-up. CT Scan is a special type of x-ray used as a detailed cross section of a specific area of the body. Bone marrow is routinely tested to examine progress of the disease. Spinal taps are also used in certain types of cancers.

Does Religion Cause Wars?

There is a conventional belief among many individuals that religion is the main cause of the present and past wars inflicting torment within the world. However, many humans fail to see past that belief; they are unable to understand that religion is just a small factor amongst the many contributing to the cause of wars. In fact, religion is merely a tool and an excuse used to hide the need for power and sins of the human nature. Among these factors, it may be the misinterpretation of religious teachings and the differing ideals of many individuals.Unfortunately, these factors are often overlooked as most people view this issue with a simplistic mindset. The idea of religion is often able to bring peace and harmony within the world. In saying this though, religion may be twisted and exploited by individuals for either economic or political reasons, mostly with the blind ambition for power and control. Such people have used religion as a tool and an excuse in order to achieve their own personal desires. This is apparent with the previous Iraqi president, Saddam Hussein.The Iraqi president had aimed to persuade the Jihadists to start a holy war against the United States and British forces, who were seeking to dismiss him for his position. Saddam Hussein had publicly voiced his call toward the Jihadists in an Iraqi state television, where he encouraged them through his statement, â€Å"jihad is a duty in confronting them†¦ Those who are martyred will be rewarded in heaven. Seize the opportunity, my brothers† (Saddam Hussein). It is evident; however, that Saddam Hussein did not really view the war he intended to begin as a religious war.Instead he planned to use religion as an excuse for his own political gains, which was to maintain his position as president of Iraq. In conclusion, religion is not the sole reason of the previous and present wars within the world, it is also the people themselves who exploit and twist religion itself. Many individuals of ten find it difficult to give religion a precise definition. It is within their ability to understand the concept of religion yet are unable to provide an accurate definition of the word. Therefore, many may have their own interpretations of what religion truly is.This notion is similar to how individuals may have varying views in regards to the religious teachings of their religion. Sadly, in some cases, people may actually misinterpret the teachings of their religion, which can often lead to disastrous outcomes. Such consequences are evident with the infamous belief of ‘Jihad'. The concept of Jihad means â€Å"holy war† or â€Å"the holy struggle†. It also teaches that there shall be no use of violence â€Å"except in the case of defensive wars, wars which are waged to punish a tyrant, or those which are meant to uphold freedom† (Concept of Jihad, pg 2).Unfortunately, there are others who misunderstand the concept of Jihad and instead believe it to be co mplete submission to Allah, which further means they are â€Å"prepared to die (martyrdom) in the course of this submission†. Such cases usually result in terrorism and suicide bombings, where individuals believe that by forcing others into their religion, by death, will please Allah. The most known example of these occurrences is the September 11 suicide bombings where approximately two planes crashed into the twin towers in New York, USA.This event was not necessarily a war but was instead an attack part of the already ongoing war between the United States and the Islamic, terrorist group, Al-Qaeda. From this event it is evident that the members of Al-Qaeda had misinterpreted the concept of Jihad and instead violated the religion by using violence for unnecessary reasons. It can be concluded that even though religion may play a role in the cause of wars, it is not necessarily the only factor to blame but also the misinterpretation of the religious teachings of religions.It is not solely religion itself that spur the gruesome wars that have occurred throughout history, but also the varying ideals of the religious worshipers. Unfortunately, in some cases there is a chance that the ideals of certain individuals may have a larger influence on them than their own religious beliefs. Such terms are often confused with each other; however, there is a prominent difference between the two. Beliefs are set in stone already, statements or truths that humans have decided to place their confidence in.On the other hand, ideals are personal concepts of perfection; they have no boundaries unlike beliefs. When the ideals of humans have a larger power over them, the results often have a high chance of becoming cataclysmic. Such results are evident within Nazi Germany during the Second World War, after the 1930s. Germany had been under the dictatorship of a tyrant known as Adolf Hitler. Hitler was infamously known for his cruelty and mass murder towards the Jews in Germa ny at that time.His reason for his actions was that by protecting himself against the Jews, he was â€Å"defending the handiwork of God† (Mein Kampf, pg 60). Despite his religious reason, he had a deeper hatred towards the Jews and desired an ideal world, where there was only a majority of pure descendants of the â€Å"Aryan† race. The Aryan race involved humans with certain features such as blonde hair and blue eyes. Hitler believed that the Jews were contaminating his ideal race as they offered the â€Å"most striking contrast to the Aryan† (Mein Kampf, pg 259), thus leading to his revulsion towards the Jews.It is unmistakable that the beliefs of Hitler were not the only cause of his actions but also his extreme ideals, which had lead to the carnage he had incited. Therefore, it is not only religion itself that cause wars but also the differing ideals of humans. Religion is often unfairly blamed as the direct cause of wars throughout the world. It is often use d as a scapegoat as many people cannot look past that simplistic view. Many individuals have never considered the possibilities of other factors contributing to such wars.A few of these factors are the exploitation of religion for the personal gains of individuals, the misinterpretation of religious teachings and the differing ideals of many humans. From these factors, it is evident that it is not just religion itself that causes the wars, but the people themselves also who actually wage these atrocities. Adolf Hitler (1998). Mein Kampf. United States: Houghton Mifflin Company PDF file viewed at – http://www. greatwar. nl/books/meinkampf/meinkampf. pdf Last accessed 26/2/12 A. Ezzati. 1986). The Concept Of Martyrdom In Islam . Available: http://www. al-islam. org/al-serat/concept-ezzati. htm. Last accessed 26/2/12. Coel Hellier. (2011). Nazi racial ideology was religious, creationist and opposed to Darwinism. Available: http://coelsblog. wordpress. com/2011/11/08/nazi-racial- ideology-was-religious-creationist-and-opposed-to-darwinism/#sec5. Last accessed 26/2/12. Dr. John Kelsay. (1999). THE RETURN OF THE RELIGIOUS WAR . Available: http://rinr. fsu. edu/fallwinter99/features/religiouswar. tml. Last accessed 26/2/12. Hadrat Mirza Gulam Ahmad. (1995). Jihad. The true Islamic concept. Available: http://www. alislam. org/library/articles/Jihad-Brochure. pdf. Last accessed 26/2/12 Jim Lehrer. (2003). Saddam Hussein Calls for Jihad. Available: http://www. pbs. org/newshour/extra/features/jan-june03/saddam_4-1. html. Last accessed 26/2/12 M. Amir Ali. (Unknown). Islam, Jihad, and Terrorism. Available: http://www. aboutjihad. com/terrorism/islam_jihad_terrorism. php. Last accessed 26/2/12.

Overview Of Personal Development Plans And An Example Education Essay

Personal Development Plan ( PDP ) is a specific program for your hereafter in short-run of six months or 12 months. It is necessary that you have aims set up for yourself, and programs and actions to be taken in order to accomplish those aims. Following PDP is a good manner to better yourself, and to get accomplishments and cognition. Therefore, it is advisable to go on making PDP one after another.Definition of PDP:The PDP is a procedure by which we identify our instruction demands, set ourselves some aims in relation to these, undertake our educational activities and bring forth grounds that we have learned something utile. Amar Rughani. Personal Development Plan for Dentist: the new attack to go oning. ( pg. : 27 )Meaning of PDP:Plan should non be through of as being Good or BAD on the footing of larning demands that individual wants to turn to. Every individual has different strength and failings. The primary aims of PDP are program and take duty for their ain acquisition and to understand what and how they learn. PDP is based on the accomplishments of contemplation and planning which are built-in to cognize how we can larn in different contexts and to reassign that larning throughout life. To place failing and strength and willing to acknowledge that, better through acquisition and set all these things in action is personal development program.Importance of PDP:go a more effectual, independent and confident autonomous scholar ; understand the different contexts for acquisition ; understand how you are larning and how to turn out what you have learnt ; better your general accomplishments for survey and calling direction ; better your consciousness of the accomplishments you are developing through survey of the topic ( s ) ; joint your personal aims and measure advancement and accomplishment ; take a more holistic attack to acquisition and its direction in modular contexts ; and to understand the importance of being able to larn in new state of affairss and to reassign and Use your larning in different contexts.Advantages of PDP:PDP consequences in enhanced self-awareness of strengths and failings and waies for Change. The procedure helps scholars understand the value added through acquisition. Geting involved with PDP should assist us to: Identifying larning chances. What we truly want to make. Make the right faculty member and personal determinations. Set personal ends and marks. Identify programmes and activities chances and preparation to develop our accomplishments. We can measure our ain advancement. We can be better prepared for the demands of go oning patterned advance.MY Personal Development Plan:For my personal development program I am utilizing a SWOT analysis – a common job work outing method which summarises my strengths, failings, chances and menaces and after cognizing my strength and failing I am composing my program Action Planning will assist me to place and put marks. To inquire yourself a utile methodological analysis is Smart: Specific: e.g. ‘I will place and rehearse good clip direction techniques to make my undertaking deadline. Measurable: e.g. I will put myself a hebdomadal agenda of things to make. Accomplishable: e.g. I know there are workshops and books on clip direction and I will utilize these to place good pattern. Realistic: e.g. I know I have some free clip every Sunday forenoon and I will utilize this clip to work on my techniques Time-Bound: e.g. I will work towards the undertaking deadline, puting hebdomadal marks. So here ‘s my personal development program tabular array:My current province:My strengths: Communicate good with others. Positive thought. Hard working. Self-initiative. Punctual. My failings: Lose pique easy. Trust to others easy. Common feedbacks that I received from others. Emotional. Be really serious. What other public presentation indexs can I notice? Sometimes acquire overwhelmed with emphasis when there is heavy work load. Decision Focus on: Develop assurance. Control my pique. Do n't swear on people easy. Not acquire worked up so easy. These SWOT analyses are enabling to place where I am now in my current function. Following I need to turn this into a PDP. When puting marks, Is need to do certain that I can really accomplish them. This we call holding SMART marks.My Coveted province: ( Goals )What I have to make to improve/achieve. Talk with people and act confidently. Do n't acquire provoked. Willing to seek new thing and take some hazards. Able to act upon others. Able to be unagitated and assess any state of affairs before responding to it and take control of state of affairs. Able to press difficult my recommendations to be accepted by others when I feel it is truly good. Not be influenced by others. To look for positives in any fortunes. What does it give me?Short Term Goals.Average Term Goals.Long Term Goals.Why I do it? 1: with assurance, I can able to command more regard and others will be able to see my worth. I will make bold to seek new things. In fact my true ego will eventually reflect through. 2: attempt to command my pique, I will non ache my loved 1s and friends as before Attend choler direction category and do recommendations myself. Keep composure no affair what happens. Not lose my pique at all. Able to command assurance whenever I want.How do I acquire at that place? ( Resources )What must I better? 1: Use new techniques to develop assurance. 2: speculation to develop a composure head & A ; control pique. What are the possible resources to larn 1: Buy & A ; read books on develop personality. 2: read books on communicating. 3: local choler direction category.TimelineShort Term Goals. Within 2 months. Average Term Goals. Within 4 months. Long Term Goals. Within 6 months. Time direction:Definition & A ; Meaning:Time managementA is a set of rules, patterns, accomplishments, tools, and systems that work together to assist youA acquire more value out of your timeA with theA purpose of bettering the quality of your life. Time can really easy go through much quicker than we anticipate and if we waste clip, non needfully intentionally, we can stop up non accomplishing all that we should. We must organize our clip throughout our working twenty-four hours and place and societal life.A Manage your clip so that you get to bask a avocation or see the gym†¦ whatever you need to make to loosen up. If you can construction your yearss carefully and lodge to your guidelines wherever possible, there is no ground why you can non suit a batch more into your life than you did when you had no everyday or clip subject. if we do n't pull off our clip decently, our agenda will travel out the door. Imagine what it takes to be after something. What will go on if we set ends butA neverA step up to what is expected? Nothing but a broken dream. All the planning and construct up for success in that end will ne'er happen without appropriate clip management.AImportance of Time direction:It is true that when it comes to bettering oneself, we can ever originate. However, one time we do acquire started, clip will ever be of the kernel. If you aim for personality development, you need to be able to pull off clip efficaciously. You might inquire yourself, does your clip reflect what is of import to you, and does it reflect your values? When we feel our twenty-four hours has been productive, our self-esteem and attitude tend to be higher and our degree of defeat and emphasis is lower. There are ways we can increase productiveness straight, things that do n't hold to make with event control or self-esteem.A Further, A productiveness affects the clip we have to pass on event control. Good event control increases our sense of control over our clip and positively impacts our self-esteem. The importance of clip in personality development needs no farther account. The point of the affair is that if you spend excessively much clip making other things alternatively of maintaining an oculus on your end which is to develop a pleasing personality, your opportunities of success will be well lower than if you know how to prioritise. Time direction involves be aftering and forming. We should work to better event control, productiveness and self-pride. See reading extra stuffs or take a clip or undertaking direction workshop.Effective Deputation:Definition & A ; Meaning:A delegate is a individual who speaks or acts on behalf of an organisation ( e.g. , a authorities, a charity, an NGO, or a trade brotherhood ) at a meeting or conference between organisations of the same degree ( e.g. , trade negotiations or an environmental acme between authoritiess ; an arbitration over an industrial. Deputation can specify as: The assignment of duty and answerability for specific results or accomplishments to a specific person or administration unit. The deputation can be impermanent or lasting.Importance of Deputation:With PDP individual can make better as a delegator, he or she can take more efficaciously their squad. With effectual deputation we can do work easier and better efficiency. If I am working much longer hours it ‘s indispensable iA delegate more it will profit me. It enhancesA the Competence, ConfidenceA & A ; MotivationA of individual. A Successful deputation involves turning the right undertakings for the right grounds, with the resources and authorization to move. A It includes puting public presentation outlooks. Deputation is of import for the long-run success. The importance of deputation should non be underestimated Lack of deputation will take to you easy submerging in work – undertakings will go half finished or ill executed and you will stop up with a dissatisfied and demotivated squad who are shouting out to take on more duty. Review what tasks you are making and how long you spend at them. When a undertaking is scattered throughout the twenty-four hours or hebdomad or month, you may earnestly undervalue how much clip you spend at it.AStress direction:Definition:emphasis is a status or feeling experienced when a individual perceives that demands exceed the personal and societal resources the person is able to mobilise. ( Richard S Lazarus ) There are really many proven accomplishments that we can utilize to pull off emphasis. These help us to stay unagitated and effectual in high force per unit area state of affairss, and assist us avoid the jobs of long term stress.AImportance:deeper apprehension of emphasis, assisting you to develop your ain stress direction schemes for managing alone fortunes. When I started to pull off my clip to accomplish my ends its really nerve-racking for me because I could pull off all these things at one time it was really hard but I ne'er lose my enthusiasm I still tried to pull off my emphasis To pull off emphasis I am taking remainder and proper sleeping, moving confidently, commanding myself and seek to give good public presentation all things assisting to me to accomplish me ends.Problem resolution:To finish this component we will necessitate to finish some sort of clip log and happen out what jobs occurred and why. We so need to analyze how we deal with both external and internal breaks, what degree of concentration we have and how we cope, how we allocate clip to daily and hebdomadal undertakings and pull off our dairy. In job work outing first I need to specify where I faced job, in personal development program I had a job internal and external every bit good like work burden and command my pique and it ‘s really hard for anyone to command yourself because if I had lost my pique so others reacts really bad so I tried to work out it I evaluate these jobs and have got solutions. I read books I watched pictures that how it could go on how people can be really cool how they are work outing their jobs, on that manner I concentrate myself where my lacks and what my specific aims so to better myself and to work out my jobs I started to sit with people I started to discussed in group and seek to understand myself that what I need and where I need so I solved my jobs.

refugees population and needs essays

refugees population and needs essays wars,famines,drought and other problems have caused many people to leave their houses;and migrate to other areas ,which are equipped with enough better facilities,so that a man can survive.today ,states like kosovo,kashmir,afghanistan,bosnia and chechniya are facing the same problems. people are moving to more safe areas, to protect them selves from violence . the people previously livivng in the endangered areas have migrated to make small communities, living in tents outside the main stations. the biggest problem,which these refugees rae facing ,is that of food ; there is an immense shortage of food in the state of kosovo due to the civil war .uno should try hard to provide these helpless refugees with enough food so that they can survive.unicef and unesco should be given the responsibilities to conserve the rights of the children. the shortage of necessary resources in this state has led to gang rapes,murders and terrorism.some days back cnn reported live about the condition in the state of kosovo. it said that the owner of the delta air lines was providing food , bathroom and clothing facilities to the refugees ,(all on his own) .cnn also interviewed;live; a reefugee living near kosovo . he tearfully tried to tell the conditions of kosovo; but i remember the time he narrated. "i cant tell you the condition ....! the beautiful valley is turning into a grave yard. mr mikorish, the president of kosovo is a neo hitler and is following the policy of ethinic cleansing and systematic genocide against the muslims of kosovo.due to the cold weather is the state ,people need more woolen and warm clotes;to save them from viral diseases.it is a right of refugees to have proper shelter and apt medical care.cold climate ,unavailibilty of food ,scarcity of water resouces are cause of many dangerous diseaes .emigratns should be vaccinated and should be provided shelter problems all over the world in these violated states are the sam ...

Gallium Facts (Atomic Number 31 or Ga)

Gallium Facts (Atomic Number 31 or Ga) Gallium is a bright blue-silver metal with a melting point low enough you can melt a chunk in your hand. Here are interesting facts about this element. Gallium  Basic Facts Atomic Number: 31 Symbol: Ga Atomic Weight: 69.732 Discovery: Paul-Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran 1875 (France) Electron Configuration: [Ar] 4s2 3d10 4p1 Word Origin: Latin Gallia, France and gallus, a Latin translation of Lecoq, a cock (name of its discoverer was Lecoq de Boisbaudran) Properties: Gallium has a melting point of 29.78 °C, boiling point of 2403 °C, specific gravity of 5.904 (29.6 °C), specific gravity of 6.095 (29.8 °C, liguid), with a valence of 2 or 3. Gallium has one of the longest liquid temperature ranges of any metal, with a low vapor pressure even at high temperatures. The element has a strong tendency to supercool below its freezing point. Seeding is sometimes necessary to initiate solidification. Pure gallium metal has a silvery appearance. It exhibits a conchoidal fracture that it similar to a glass fracture in appearance. Gallium expands 3.1% on solidifying, so it should not be stored in a metal or glass container that can break upon its solidification. Gallium wets glass and porcelain, forming a brilliant mirror finish on glass. Highly pure gallium is only slowly attacked by mineral acids. Gallium is associated with a relatively low toxicity, but should be handled with care until more health data has been accumulated. Uses: Since it is a liquid near room temperature, gallium is used for high-temperature thermometers. Gallium is used to dope semiconductors and for producing solid-state devices. Gallium arsenide is used to convert electricity into coherent light. Magnesium gallate with divalent impurities (e.g., Mn2) is used to make commercial ultraviolet-activated powder phosphors. Sources: Gallium may be found as a trace element in sphalerite, diaspore, bauxite, coal, and germanite. Flue dusts from burning coal may contain as much as 1.5% gallium. The free metal may be obtained by electrolysis of its hydroxide in a KOH solution. Element Classification:Basic Metal Gallium Physical Data Density (g/cc): 5.91 Melting Point (K): 302.93 Boiling Point (K): 2676 Appearance: soft, blue-white metal Isotopes: There are 27 known isotopes of gallium ranging from Ga-60 to Ga-86. There are two stable isotopes: Ga-69 (60.108% abundance) and Ga-71 (39.892% abundance). Atomic Radius (pm): 141 Atomic Volume (cc/mol): 11.8 Covalent Radius (pm): 126 Ionic Radius: 62 (3e) 81 (1e) Specific Heat (20 °C J/g mol): 0.372 Fusion Heat (kJ/mol): 5.59 Evaporation Heat (kJ/mol): 270.3 Debye Temperature (K): 240.00 Pauling Negativity Number: 1.81 First Ionizing Energy (kJ/mol): 578.7 Oxidation States: 3 Lattice Structure: Orthorhombic Lattice Constant (Ã…): 4.510 CAS Registry Number: 7440-55-3 Gallium Trivia: Galliums discover, Paul-Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran named the element after his home country France. The Latin word gallus means both Gaul which is an older name for France. It was believed he also named the element after himself because gallus also means rooster (or Le Coq in French). Lecoq later denied he named gallium after himself.The discovery of gallium filled a spot predicted by Mendeleevs periodic table. Gallium took the place of the placeholder element eka-aluminum.Gallium was first identified using spectroscopy by its distinct pair of violet spectral lines.Galliums melting point (302.93 K) is low enough to melt the metal in the palm of your hand.Gallium is the element with the highest range of temperatures for its liquid phase. The difference between galliums melting and boiling point is 2373  °C.Gallium is one of five elements with a melting point near room temperature. The other four are mercury, cesium, rubidium and francium.Gallium expands as it freezes like water. Gallium does not exist free in nature.Gallium is obtained as a byproduct in the production of zinc and aluminum.Most gallium produced today is used in electronics.Gallium nitride semiconductors are used the blue diode lasers of Blu-rayâ„ ¢ players.Gallium arsenide is used to produce ultra-brite blue LEDs.Liquid gallium is known for its ability to wet glass, porcelain and skin. Gallium forms a very reflective surface on glass making an excellent mirror.An amalgam of gallium, indium, tin is used in medical thermometers in place of the more traditional and toxic mercury thermometers.Gallium Beating Heart is one of the fun and easy chemistry demonstrations for chemistry students. Gallium Fast Facts Element Name: GalliumElement Symbol: GaAtomic Number: 31Group: Group 13 (Boron Group)Period: Period 4Appearance: Silver-blue metalDiscovery:  Lecoq de Boisbaudran (1875) Sources de Boisbaudran, Lecoq (1835–1965). Caractà ¨res chimiques et spectroscopiques dun nouveau mà ©tal, le gallium, dà ©couvert dans une blende de la mine de Pierrefitte, vallà ©e dArgelà ¨s (Pyrà ©nà ©es). Comptes rendus. 81: 493.Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.